成渝经济区生物多样性空间分异特征

以区(县)为评价单元,采用野生动物丰富度、野生维管束植物丰富度、生态系统类型多样性、物种特有性、外来物种入侵度、受威胁物种丰富度等评价指标,应用归一化处理方法,对成渝经济区148个区(县)的生物多样性进行了评价,以阐明区域生物多样性空间分布规律. 归一化处理时修正了野生维管束植物丰富度、野生动物丰富度、物种特有性、受威胁物种丰富度4个指标的最大值. 结果表明:成渝经济区中12个区(县)的生物多样性等级为高,71个区(县)为中,55个区(县)为一般,10个区(县)为低. 生物多样性较丰富的区域主要包括大巴山区、渝东南武陵山区、渝南金佛山、四面山、三峡库区、龙门山、川西南山地,而生物多样性较低的地区主要分布在成都平原、盆中丘陵平坝、渝西方山丘陵、川东平行岭谷等区域. 评价结果表明成渝经济区生物多样性的空间分异特征明显.      

天然斜发沸石负载TiO2的光催化性能

为了研究以天然斜发沸石负载TiO₂制备光催化剂,以对甲基橙溶液的光催化降解为光催化功能检验,太阳光为光源,对催化剂的合成条件及其催化活性的影响因素进行了探讨用脱色率及COD去除率对催化剂进行了性能评价,以XRD、IR及比表面积对样品进行了表征研究结果表明:由钛酸四丁酯与斜发沸石复合制备的催化剂在120℃下干燥6h后经200℃焙烧具有最大的光催化活性;甲基橙溶液的降解率随着TiO₂/沸石、外加氧化剂H₂O₂的增多而增大,但过量的H₂O₂也会抑制沸石载TiO₂的光催化活性;甲基橙溶液的pH值为2～5时具有最大的降解性.     

孕期暴露全氟烷基磺酸盐(PFOS)诱导胎鼠肺损伤

为研究全氟辛烷磺酸盐(PFOS)暴露对胎鼠肺部损伤的诱导作用,孕期SD大鼠在5～20mg·kg-1剂量范围内的PFOS中处理7d,取胎鼠全肺并分析其发育所受的影响。通过形态学比较,发现随着PFOS浓度的增加,胎鼠体长和体重均显著降低,高剂量暴露会导致胎鼠死亡。通过组织学检测,发现胎鼠肺的发育受到PFOS暴露的抑制。通过WesternBlot检测肺泡Ⅰ/Ⅱ型细胞的发育,发现肺泡Ⅰ型细胞特异蛋白Podoplanin表达显著减少(p<0.05),肺泡Ⅱ型细胞特异蛋白SP-C表达减少但未出现显著差异,此外,与对照组相比高剂量暴露会引起血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达显著减少(p<0.01)。实验结果说明,PFOS暴露会导致胎鼠肺部发育出现损伤,这种损伤可能是肺泡Ⅰ型细胞及肺部血管发育受抑制引起胎鼠肺部气体交换功能破坏。     

微生物絮凝剂在水处理中的应用

系统介绍了微生物絮凝剂的特性、絮凝机理及影响絮凝效果的因素,列举并分析了微生物絮凝剂的应用实例。微生物絮凝剂具有安全、高效、不污染环境等特点。产生絮凝剂的微生物种类多,生长快,易于实现产业化,因而微生物絮凝剂正日益受到人们的重视。     

Hierarchical methodological framework to improve Policy Environmental Assessment: Based on policy layer research

This study explores the current implementation challenges of the Policy Environmental Assessment (PEA), including the implementation of a far richer, more diverse (at macro level), and better understanding of PEA and integration with decision making. The results contribute to the analysis of PEA through different hierarchies of assessment. Stemming from the theory and practice of policy, a concept of PEA hierarchies is proposed including the uppermost PEA, upper-lower PEA, and lowermost PEA. Afterward, the differences of the three hierarchies are interpreted, in terms of aims, principles, processes, and methods. The evaluation of the policy environmental impacts from different lens helps solve the complexities of policies and identify opportunities for improvement of PEA.     

碾压混凝土层面抗剪强度的细观数值研究

碾压混凝土 (RCC)层面抗剪强度关系到碾压混凝土坝的安全。笔者采用随机骨料模型模拟碾压混凝土的细观结构 ,利用有限元方法数值模拟碾压混凝土试件的细观损伤断裂和抗剪强度 ,将所得数值结果与混凝土重力坝设计规范参考值比较 ,结果较为吻合。同时对直剪试验尺寸效应进行研究 ,并给出提高层面抗剪能力的措施。     

略谈生态环境建设的几个问题

生态环境建设是当前乃至今后内容忽视的一个重要课题，简要提出了我国现阶段生态环境治理的对策。     

PCDDs在氯仿溶液中的紫外光解

使用ＮＤＣ－３型化学反应仪、３００Ｗ汞灯和１５ｍｌ反应管，于４３℃进行了２，３，７，８－ＴＣＤＤ，１，２，３，７，８－Ｐ５ＣＤＤ，１，２，３，４，７，８－ＨｘＣＤＤ，１，２，３，４，６，７，８－ＨｐＣＤＤ和ＯＣＤＤ在氯仿溶中的紫外光解，其一级反应速率常数测得值依次为０．５４，０．２９，０．１５，０．１５和０．１９ｍｉｎ＾－１，反应半衰期ｔ１／２均在５ｍｉｎ以内，还原脱氯是主要的光解途径，并有大量低     

资源,环境与区域可持续发展研究

本文为探讨中国未来区域发展模式，分析了当今世界区域发展中资源，环境与区域发展的关系，分别从资源和环境的角度归纳出数种区域发展模式，并在简要分析各种发展模式特点的基础上，提出了中国区域发展模式。     

Significance of dredging on sediment denitrification in Meiliang Bay, China： A year long simulation study

An experiment for studying the effects of sediment dredging on denitrification in sediments was carried out through a one-year incubation of undredged (control) and dredged cores in laboratory. Dredging the upper 30 cm of sediment can significantly affect physico-chemical characteristics of sediments. Less degradation of organic matter in the dredged sediments was found during the experiment. Denitrification rates in the sediments were estimated by the acetylene blockage technique, and ranged from 21.6 to 102.7 nmol N2/(g dry weight (dw)·hr) for the undredged sediment and from 6.9 to 26.9 nmol N2/(g dw·hr) for dredged sediments. The denitrification rates in the undredged sediments were markedly higher (p0.05) than those in the dredged sediments throughout the incubation, with the exception of February 2006. The importance of various environmental factors on denitrification was assessed, which indicated that denitrification was regulated by temperature. Nitrate was probably the key factor limiting denitrification in both undredged and dredged sediments. Organic carbon played some role in determining the denitrification rates in the dredged sediments, but not in the undredged sediments. Sediment dredging influenced the mineralization of organic matter and denitrification in the sediment; and therefore changed the pattern of inherent cycling of nitrogen.